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因波音太空舱故障,SpaceX启动国际空间站被困宇航员救援行动

SpaceX一直是NASA商业载人航天计划的领跑者。该计划在十多年前航天飞机退役时启动。

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上周六,SpaceX为困在国际空间站的两名宇航员启动了救援行动,派出了一支小规模团队执行接应任务,但预计要到明年才能完成救援。

该太空舱已成功进入轨道,准备接回两名试飞员。由于安全隐患,波音太空舱本月初空载返回地球,这导致宇航员的“换乘”安排出现变化。现在,美国宇航员尼克·黑格和俄罗斯宇航员亚历山大·戈尔布诺夫将前往接应巴奇·威尔莫尔和苏尼·威廉姆斯。

NASA大约每六个月轮换一次国际空间站的工作人员,因此这次新发射的飞船为威尔莫尔和威廉姆斯预留了两个座位,预计要到明年二月底才能返回。官员表示,让他们乘坐SpaceX飞船提前返回一定会干扰其他既定任务。

等到他们返回时,这两名宇航员将在太空度过超过八个月的时间。而当初他们报名参加波音于6月启动的首次宇航员飞行时,预计只需离开一周。

NASA最终决定,波音的“星际航线”太空舱在经历了一连串的推进器故障和氦气泄漏后,前往轨道综合体的风险太大,因而无法继续执行任务。为了确保威尔莫尔和威廉姆斯能搭乘SpaceX“龙”飞船返回,NASA取消了此次飞行的两名宇航员席位。

NASA副项目经理迪娜·孔特拉表示,威尔莫尔和威廉姆斯通过空间站的实时直播观看了发射过程,威廉姆斯兴奋地喊出“龙飞船加油!”的欢呼声。

威廉姆斯现在已被任命为空间站指挥官,空间站很快将恢复到正常的七人编制。当黑格和戈尔布诺夫预计周日抵达时,自三月以来一直驻守的四名宇航员将乘坐他们自己的SpaceX飞船返回地球。他们的回家计划因波音“星际航线”的问题被推迟了一个月。

黑格在飞行前提到,太空任务中的唯一不变就是变化。

他说:“总有变化发生,也许公众会更加关注这次的变化。”

黑格凭借丰富的经验和六年前处理发射紧急情况的能力,担任了此次救援任务的指挥官。当时,俄罗斯火箭发射不久后发生故障,载有他和另一名宇航员的太空舱成功弹射,确保了他们的安全。

美国NASA新晋宇航员泽娜·卡德曼和资深宇航员斯蒂芬妮·威尔逊原计划参与此次飞行任务,但在NASA决定由SpaceX负责救援国际空间站的被困宇航员后,她们被移出了任务名单。NASA承诺她们将参与未来的太空任务。卡德曼和威尔逊在肯尼迪航天中心观看了此次发射直播。而戈尔布诺夫则依据NASA与俄罗斯航天局之间的交换协议,继续参与此次飞行任务。

“每一次载人发射都让我感慨万千。今天的发射尤为特别。”卡德曼在下午的发射后热泪盈眶地说道,“看着火箭升空,我无法不想到:‘那是我的火箭,那是我的团队。’”

在发射前的几分钟,黑格向两位未能随行的同事致敬:“我们共同努力,坚不可摧。”进入轨道后,他称这次飞行为一次“顺利的旅程”,并感谢所有促成此次任务的人。

稍早前,黑格指出,任务的难度不仅在于只有半个团队发射,还在于要带回接受了不同太空舱训练的两名宇航员。

“我们面前有一个充满变数的挑战,”黑格上个月从休斯顿抵达后说道。“但我们彼此了解,都是专业人士,面对任务时我们会全力以赴。”

SpaceX一直是NASA商业载人航天计划的领跑者。该计划在十多年前航天飞机退役时启动。SpaceX在2020年击败波音,首次将宇航员送往国际空间站,迄今已为NASA执行了10次载人任务。

相比之下,波音多年来一直面临各种问题。在首次无人驾驶“星际航线”飞行偏离航线后,波音不得不重启测试任务。而让威尔莫尔和威廉姆斯滞留太空的“星际航线”太空舱于9月6日成功着陆于新墨西哥沙漠,并随后返回肯尼迪航天中心。一周前,波音的国防和航天部门负责人被撤换。

由于飓风“海伦”袭击佛罗里达,SpaceX的最新发射被推迟。这次发射是首次从卡纳维拉尔角太空部队基地40号发射台起飞的载人任务。近20年前,SpaceX接管了旧的泰坦火箭发射平台,用于卫星和空间站货物发射任务,而此前的载人发射则使用邻近的肯尼迪航天中心阿波罗和航天飞机发射台。随着越来越多的猎鹰火箭升空,SpaceX希望拥有更多灵活性。(财富中文网)

翻译:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

上周六,SpaceX为困在国际空间站的两名宇航员启动了救援行动,派出了一支小规模团队执行接应任务,但预计要到明年才能完成救援。

该太空舱已成功进入轨道,准备接回两名试飞员。由于安全隐患,波音太空舱本月初空载返回地球,这导致宇航员的“换乘”安排出现变化。现在,美国宇航员尼克·黑格和俄罗斯宇航员亚历山大·戈尔布诺夫将前往接应巴奇·威尔莫尔和苏尼·威廉姆斯。

NASA大约每六个月轮换一次国际空间站的工作人员,因此这次新发射的飞船为威尔莫尔和威廉姆斯预留了两个座位,预计要到明年二月底才能返回。官员表示,让他们乘坐SpaceX飞船提前返回一定会干扰其他既定任务。

等到他们返回时,这两名宇航员将在太空度过超过八个月的时间。而当初他们报名参加波音于6月启动的首次宇航员飞行时,预计只需离开一周。

NASA最终决定,波音的“星际航线”太空舱在经历了一连串的推进器故障和氦气泄漏后,前往轨道综合体的风险太大,因而无法继续执行任务。为了确保威尔莫尔和威廉姆斯能搭乘SpaceX“龙”飞船返回,NASA取消了此次飞行的两名宇航员席位。

NASA副项目经理迪娜·孔特拉表示,威尔莫尔和威廉姆斯通过空间站的实时直播观看了发射过程,威廉姆斯兴奋地喊出“龙飞船加油!”的欢呼声。

威廉姆斯现在已被任命为空间站指挥官,空间站很快将恢复到正常的七人编制。当黑格和戈尔布诺夫预计周日抵达时,自三月以来一直驻守的四名宇航员将乘坐他们自己的SpaceX飞船返回地球。他们的回家计划因波音“星际航线”的问题被推迟了一个月。

黑格在飞行前提到,太空任务中的唯一不变就是变化。

他说:“总有变化发生,也许公众会更加关注这次的变化。”

黑格凭借丰富的经验和六年前处理发射紧急情况的能力,担任了此次救援任务的指挥官。当时,俄罗斯火箭发射不久后发生故障,载有他和另一名宇航员的太空舱成功弹射,确保了他们的安全。

美国NASA新晋宇航员泽娜·卡德曼和资深宇航员斯蒂芬妮·威尔逊原计划参与此次飞行任务,但在NASA决定由SpaceX负责救援国际空间站的被困宇航员后,她们被移出了任务名单。NASA承诺她们将参与未来的太空任务。卡德曼和威尔逊在肯尼迪航天中心观看了此次发射直播。而戈尔布诺夫则依据NASA与俄罗斯航天局之间的交换协议,继续参与此次飞行任务。

“每一次载人发射都让我感慨万千。今天的发射尤为特别。”卡德曼在下午的发射后热泪盈眶地说道,“看着火箭升空,我无法不想到:‘那是我的火箭,那是我的团队。’”

在发射前的几分钟,黑格向两位未能随行的同事致敬:“我们共同努力,坚不可摧。”进入轨道后,他称这次飞行为一次“顺利的旅程”,并感谢所有促成此次任务的人。

稍早前,黑格指出,任务的难度不仅在于只有半个团队发射,还在于要带回接受了不同太空舱训练的两名宇航员。

“我们面前有一个充满变数的挑战,”黑格上个月从休斯顿抵达后说道。“但我们彼此了解,都是专业人士,面对任务时我们会全力以赴。”

SpaceX一直是NASA商业载人航天计划的领跑者。该计划在十多年前航天飞机退役时启动。SpaceX在2020年击败波音,首次将宇航员送往国际空间站,迄今已为NASA执行了10次载人任务。

相比之下,波音多年来一直面临各种问题。在首次无人驾驶“星际航线”飞行偏离航线后,波音不得不重启测试任务。而让威尔莫尔和威廉姆斯滞留太空的“星际航线”太空舱于9月6日成功着陆于新墨西哥沙漠,并随后返回肯尼迪航天中心。一周前,波音的国防和航天部门负责人被撤换。

由于飓风“海伦”袭击佛罗里达,SpaceX的最新发射被推迟。这次发射是首次从卡纳维拉尔角太空部队基地40号发射台起飞的载人任务。近20年前,SpaceX接管了旧的泰坦火箭发射平台,用于卫星和空间站货物发射任务,而此前的载人发射则使用邻近的肯尼迪航天中心阿波罗和航天飞机发射台。随着越来越多的猎鹰火箭升空,SpaceX希望拥有更多灵活性。(财富中文网)

翻译:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

SpaceX launched a rescue mission for the two stuck astronauts at the International Space Station on Saturday, sending up a downsized crew to bring them home but not until next year.

The capsule rocketed into orbit to fetch the test pilots whose Boeing spacecraft returned to Earth empty earlier this month because of safety concerns. The switch in rides left it to NASA’s Nick Hague and Russia’s Alexander Gorbunov to retrieve Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams.

Because NASA rotates space station crews approximately every six months, this newly launched flight with two empty seats reserved for Wilmore and Williams won’t return until late February. Officials said there wasn’t a way to bring them back earlier on SpaceX without interrupting other scheduled missions.

By the time they return, the pair will have logged more than eight months in space. They expected to be gone just a week when they signed up for Boeing’s first astronaut flight that launched in June.

NASA ultimately decided that Boeing’s Starliner was too risky after a cascade of thruster troubles and helium leaks marred its trip to the orbiting complex. The space agency cut two astronauts from this SpaceX launch to make room on the Dragon capsule’s return leg for Wilmore and Williams.

Wilmore and Williams watched the liftoff via a live link sent to the space station, prompting a cheer of “Go Dragon!” from Williams, NASA deputy program manager Dina Contella said.

Williams has been promoted to commander of the space station, which will soon be back to its normal population of seven. Once Hague and Gorbunov arrive on Sunday, four astronauts living there since March can leave in their own SpaceX capsule. Their homecoming was delayed a month by Starliner’s turmoil.

Hague noted before the flight that change is the one constant in human spaceflight.

“There’s always something that is changing. Maybe this time it’s been a little more visible to the public,” he said.

Hague was thrust into the commander’s job for the rescue mission based on his experience and handling of a launch emergency six years ago. The Russian rocket failed shortly after liftoff, and the capsule carrying him and a cosmonaut catapulted off the top to safety.

Rookie NASA astronaut Zena Cardman and veteran space flier Stephanie Wilson were pulled from this flight after NASA opted to go with SpaceX to bring the stuck astronauts home. Promised a future space mission, both were at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, taking part in the launch livestream. Gorbunov remained on the flight under an exchange agreement between NASA and the Russian Space Agency.

“Every crewed launch that I have ever watched has really brought me a lot of emotion. This one today was especially unique,” a teary-eyed Cardman said following the early afternoon liftoff. “It was hard not to watch that rocket lift off without thinking, ‘That’s my rocket and that’s my crew.’ ”

Moments before liftoff, Hague paid tribute to his two colleagues left behind: “Unbreakable. We did it together.” Once in orbit, he called it a ”sweet ride” and thanked everyone who made it possible.

Earlier, Hague acknowledged the challenges of launching with half a crew and returning with two astronauts trained on another spacecraft.

“We’ve got a dynamic challenge ahead of us,” Hague said after arriving from Houston last weekend. “We know each other and we’re professionals and we step up and do what’s asked of us.”

SpaceX has long been the leader in NASA’s commercial crew program, established as the space shuttles were retiring more than a decade ago. SpaceX beat Boeing in delivering astronauts to the space station in 2020, and it is now up to 10 crew flights for NASA.

Boeing has struggled with a variety of issues over the years, repeating a Starliner test flight with no one on board after the first one veered off course. The Starliner that left Wilmore and Williams in space landed without any issues in the New Mexico desert on Sept. 6, and has since returned to Kennedy Space Center. A week ago, Boeing’s defense and space chief was replaced.

Delayed by Hurricane Helene pounding Florida, the latest SpaceX liftoff marked the first for astronauts from Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. SpaceX took over the old Titan rocket pad nearly two decades ago and used it for satellite and station cargo launches, while flying crews from Kennedy’s former Apollo and shuttle pad next door. The company wanted more flexibility as more Falcon rockets soared.

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