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美国并未打败通胀,房地产危机可能导致通胀卷土重来

JASON MA
2024-10-22

在房地产市场,供需关系严重失衡,依旧是严峻挑战,因此房地产市场是通胀重新抬头的领域之一。

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自2022年美联储开始激进加息以来,美国的通胀情况有明显改善,但房地产市场的可负担性危机并没有解决,甚至可能重新引发通胀压力。

住房库存依旧紧张,而且虽然抵押贷款利率低于一年前的高点,但最近几周有所上升。据《每日房贷新闻》报道,最近的30年期固定抵押贷款利率为6.68%,比一个月前升高了0.53个百分点。

美联储的降息周期开始后,借贷成本并没有像潜在购房人所期待的那样持续下降。事实上,由于经济数据强劲和美联储官员的谨慎态度,抑制了未来降息的前景,因此抵押贷款利率可能在一段时间内维持在当前水平。

抵押贷款业巨头房地美(Freddie Mac)上周五发布的最新房地产市场报告,呼应了这种观点。报告称,抵押贷款利率“随着时间的推移将逐渐下降,经济新闻可能给市场带来意外的消息,引发波动。”

报告表示,这种逐步改善对房地产市场的提振作用有限,因为住房库存依旧紧张,而且购房人选择了观望,等待抵押贷款利率进一步下降。

房地美预测,有一些迹象表明,随着利率下降,“锁定效应”有所减弱,市场供应有所增加,但这不足以满足高需求,这意味着房价会继续上涨。

房地美表示,经济前景确实整体向好,因为美联储降息半个百分点将刺激消费者支出和信贷。

但报告警告:“然而,虽然通胀压力下降,但通胀可能会卷土重来。在房地产市场,供需关系严重失衡,依旧是严峻挑战,因此房地产市场是通胀重新抬头的领域之一。”

通货膨胀重新加速可能进一步降低对美联储出台更多救济措施的预期。最近的消费物价数据显示,上个月的通胀比预期更顽固,导致美联储再次大幅降息的可能性降低。

在官方通胀数据中,住房成本在支出中占很大比例,因此住房通胀更大的上行压力,可能对整体数据产生巨大影响。

如果住房通胀反弹,经济和劳动力市场持续强劲,也可能减少其他方面的价格调整空间。有分析师甚至认为,美国不仅能避免经济衰退,还能避免“软着陆”式的经济增速放缓,相反美国经济将继续强劲增长,达到“不着陆”的状态。

随着住房危机的持续,美国人感觉陷入了困境。Edelman Financial Engines公司的最新研究显示,超过三分之一(36%)业主表示,感觉自己被房子套牢,无法搬家。在50岁以下的业主(以Z世代和千禧一代为主)中,这个比例提高到近50%。

根据全球房地产咨询公司莱坊(Knight Frank)在周四发布的2024年第四季度美国市场报告,即使高端房地产市场也感觉受到影响。

报告称:“尽管在豪宅市场,现金买家的比例更高,但借款成本增加影响了市场活动。主要买家的财富与其他类别资产挂钩,而许多资产都受到了更高利率的影响。这增加了不确定性,而11月的大选更加剧了这种不确定性。”(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

自2022年美联储开始激进加息以来,美国的通胀情况有明显改善,但房地产市场的可负担性危机并没有解决,甚至可能重新引发通胀压力。

住房库存依旧紧张,而且虽然抵押贷款利率低于一年前的高点,但最近几周有所上升。据《每日房贷新闻》报道,最近的30年期固定抵押贷款利率为6.68%,比一个月前升高了0.53个百分点。

美联储的降息周期开始后,借贷成本并没有像潜在购房人所期待的那样持续下降。事实上,由于经济数据强劲和美联储官员的谨慎态度,抑制了未来降息的前景,因此抵押贷款利率可能在一段时间内维持在当前水平。

抵押贷款业巨头房地美(Freddie Mac)上周五发布的最新房地产市场报告,呼应了这种观点。报告称,抵押贷款利率“随着时间的推移将逐渐下降,经济新闻可能给市场带来意外的消息,引发波动。”

报告表示,这种逐步改善对房地产市场的提振作用有限,因为住房库存依旧紧张,而且购房人选择了观望,等待抵押贷款利率进一步下降。

房地美预测,有一些迹象表明,随着利率下降,“锁定效应”有所减弱,市场供应有所增加,但这不足以满足高需求,这意味着房价会继续上涨。

房地美表示,经济前景确实整体向好,因为美联储降息半个百分点将刺激消费者支出和信贷。

但报告警告:“然而,虽然通胀压力下降,但通胀可能会卷土重来。在房地产市场,供需关系严重失衡,依旧是严峻挑战,因此房地产市场是通胀重新抬头的领域之一。”

通货膨胀重新加速可能进一步降低对美联储出台更多救济措施的预期。最近的消费物价数据显示,上个月的通胀比预期更顽固,导致美联储再次大幅降息的可能性降低。

在官方通胀数据中,住房成本在支出中占很大比例,因此住房通胀更大的上行压力,可能对整体数据产生巨大影响。

如果住房通胀反弹,经济和劳动力市场持续强劲,也可能减少其他方面的价格调整空间。有分析师甚至认为,美国不仅能避免经济衰退,还能避免“软着陆”式的经济增速放缓,相反美国经济将继续强劲增长,达到“不着陆”的状态。

随着住房危机的持续,美国人感觉陷入了困境。Edelman Financial Engines公司的最新研究显示,超过三分之一(36%)业主表示,感觉自己被房子套牢,无法搬家。在50岁以下的业主(以Z世代和千禧一代为主)中,这个比例提高到近50%。

根据全球房地产咨询公司莱坊(Knight Frank)在周四发布的2024年第四季度美国市场报告,即使高端房地产市场也感觉受到影响。

报告称:“尽管在豪宅市场,现金买家的比例更高,但借款成本增加影响了市场活动。主要买家的财富与其他类别资产挂钩,而许多资产都受到了更高利率的影响。这增加了不确定性,而11月的大选更加剧了这种不确定性。”(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

Inflation has improved dramatically since the Federal Reserve launched its aggressive rate hikes in 2022, but the housing market’s affordability crisis hasn’t gone away and may even renew inflationary pressure.

Housing inventory is still tight, and while mortgage rates are well below year-ago highs, they have climbed in recent weeks. According to Mortgage News Daily, the latest 30-year fixed rate was at 6.68%, up by 0.53 percentage point from a month ago.

That’s as the start of the Fed’s rate-cutting cycle has failed to trigger the sustained drop in borrowing costs that prospective homebuyers had long hoped for. In fact, mortgage rates may stay about where they are for a while as strong economic data and caution among Fed officials dampen the outlook for future easing.

Mortgage giant Freddie Mac echoed that view in its latest housing market report on Friday, saying it sees mortgage rates slipping “very gradually over time, with potential volatility as economic news may surprise the market.”

Such incremental improvement won’t provide much of a boost to the housing market either as inventory stays constrained and homebuyers sit on the sidelines while waiting for mortgage rates to drop further, the report added.

There have been some signs that the lock-in effect is waning a bit as rates drop, putting more supply on the market, but that’s not enough to meet high demand—meaning home prices will keep rising, Freddie Mac predicted.

To be sure, the outlook for the overall economy looks positive, as the Fed’s half-point rate cut will boost consumer spending and credit, it said.

“However, while inflationary pressures have been declining, there are potential upside risks to inflation,” the report warned. “One area where inflation could resurge is housing inflation in an environment where the fundamental mismatch of supply and demand remains a major challenge for the housing market.”

Any re-acceleration in inflation could further diminish expectations for more relief from the Fed. The most recent consumer price data showed inflation was stickier than expected last month, making another jumbo-size rate cut unlikely.

And given that housing costs account for a large chunk of the range of expenses that go into official inflation readings, more upward pressure on that end could result in outsized effects on the overall data.

Continued strength in the economy and labor market may also leave less wiggle room for prices elsewhere, if housing inflation rebounds. Some analysts have even said that the U.S. will not only avoid a recession but also a “soft landing” slowdown, with the economy instead powering through to “no landing.”

As the housing crisis drags on, Americans are feeling trapped. Over a third (36%) of homeowners report feeling stuck in their house and unable to move, according to new research by Edelman Financial Engines. This rises to nearly 50% for homeowners under 50, who are mostly made up of Gen Z and millennials.

Even the high end of the housing market is feeling jammed, according to global real estate consultants Knight Frank, which released its Q4 2024 U.S. market report Thursday.

“Despite a higher prevalence of cash buyers, elevated borrowing costs have weighed on activity in luxury markets, too.” it said. “Prime buyers tend to have wealth tied up in other asset classes, many of which have been hurt by higher rates. That adds uncertainty, which has been compounded by the November election.”

财富中文网所刊载内容之知识产权为财富媒体知识产权有限公司及/或相关权利人专属所有或持有。未经许可,禁止进行转载、摘编、复制及建立镜像等任何使用。
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