
如果你看过HBO出品的美剧《白莲花度假村》,那么你应该记得,由帕克・波西饰演的角色维多利亚・拉特利夫在泰国度假期间一直在吃一种叫做劳拉西泮的药。有一次她很搞笑地宣布:“我的劳拉西泮不知道被谁偷走了,看来我得把自己灌醉才能睡着了。”
劳拉西泮属于苯二氮䓬类药物,这一类药物还包括阿普唑仑和氯硝西泮。美国缉毒局指出,苯二氮䓬类药物为处方药,一般用于缓解焦虑、肌肉痉挛和癫痫。但是就像《白莲花度假村》里演的一样,这种药物也容易产生依赖和滥用。
在谈到这类药物时,加州大学圣地亚哥分校医疗中心的老年病医生伊恩・尼尔博士向《纽约时报》表示:“在现实生活中,我们肯定也是经常看到这种情况的。”
根据“美国药物使用与健康调查”2019年的数据,在美国有3000万成年人服用过苯二氮䓬类药物,其中有超过500万人存在滥用情况(即‘未经医生指导使用’)。
有的人可能一坐飞机就紧张得不行,于是选择吃一片阿普唑仑来缓解焦虑症状,但是长期服用这种药物是很危险的,因为很有可能形成药物依赖。美国精神病学协会女性心理健康理事会主席卢德米拉·德·法里亚博士对《纽约时报》表示,即便人们按规定剂量服用苯二氮䓬类药物,也有产生药物依赖的可能。
尤其值得注意的是,苯二氮䓬类药物对老年人格外有吸引力。根据2019年的这项研究,在美国,50至64岁人群是该类药物的最大消费群体。这类药物有可能导致认知能力下降,因此老年人在使用时需要格外谨慎。
苯二氮䓬类药物会使神经系统活动减缓,而且起效快。虽然这类药物总体上是安全的,但也有嗜睡、失忆和言语不清等副作用。过度摄入还会加剧这些副作用,有时还会造成药物依赖、认知障碍、昏迷,甚至是死亡——尽管这种极端情况是比较罕见的。
尼尔警告道,考虑到老年人的代谢特点,老年人还要特别留意苯二氮䓬类药物是否与他们常吃其他药物相冲突。比如,将苯二氮䓬类药物与酒精等镇静剂混合使用,会加重镇静效果——比如在《白莲花度假村》里,波西饰演的那个角色经常就着红酒服用劳拉西泮。
据美国成瘾中心介绍,对于经常服用苯二氮䓬类药物的人来说,当他们试图逐渐停用这种药物时,往往会出现盗汗、头痛和心悸等戒断症状。
该中心表示:“每种苯二氮䓬类药物都有特定的半衰期,它会影响药物从血液中代谢的时间。如果一个人对苯二氮䓬类药物产生了依赖,一旦药物在体内代谢完毕,他就会产生戒断反应。”
如果也因服用苯二氮䓬类药物而出现了戒断症状或不良反应,你应该及时就医或咨询专家。因为专家还有其他治疗焦虑和睡眠障碍的方法。加州普罗维登斯圣约翰健康中心的老年精神病医生大卫・梅里尔介绍道:“一线的抗焦虑药物,通常是像SSRIs这样的抗抑郁药物,再加上心理治疗。”(财富中文网)
译者:朴成奎
如果你看过HBO出品的美剧《白莲花度假村》,那么你应该记得,由帕克・波西饰演的角色维多利亚・拉特利夫在泰国度假期间一直在吃一种叫做劳拉西泮的药。有一次她很搞笑地宣布:“我的劳拉西泮不知道被谁偷走了,看来我得把自己灌醉才能睡着了。”
劳拉西泮属于苯二氮䓬类药物,这一类药物还包括阿普唑仑和氯硝西泮。美国缉毒局指出,苯二氮䓬类药物为处方药,一般用于缓解焦虑、肌肉痉挛和癫痫。但是就像《白莲花度假村》里演的一样,这种药物也容易产生依赖和滥用。
在谈到这类药物时,加州大学圣地亚哥分校医疗中心的老年病医生伊恩・尼尔博士向《纽约时报》表示:“在现实生活中,我们肯定也是经常看到这种情况的。”
根据“美国药物使用与健康调查”2019年的数据,在美国有3000万成年人服用过苯二氮䓬类药物,其中有超过500万人存在滥用情况(即‘未经医生指导使用’)。
有的人可能一坐飞机就紧张得不行,于是选择吃一片阿普唑仑来缓解焦虑症状,但是长期服用这种药物是很危险的,因为很有可能形成药物依赖。美国精神病学协会女性心理健康理事会主席卢德米拉·德·法里亚博士对《纽约时报》表示,即便人们按规定剂量服用苯二氮䓬类药物,也有产生药物依赖的可能。
尤其值得注意的是,苯二氮䓬类药物对老年人格外有吸引力。根据2019年的这项研究,在美国,50至64岁人群是该类药物的最大消费群体。这类药物有可能导致认知能力下降,因此老年人在使用时需要格外谨慎。
苯二氮䓬类药物会使神经系统活动减缓,而且起效快。虽然这类药物总体上是安全的,但也有嗜睡、失忆和言语不清等副作用。过度摄入还会加剧这些副作用,有时还会造成药物依赖、认知障碍、昏迷,甚至是死亡——尽管这种极端情况是比较罕见的。
尼尔警告道,考虑到老年人的代谢特点,老年人还要特别留意苯二氮䓬类药物是否与他们常吃其他药物相冲突。比如,将苯二氮䓬类药物与酒精等镇静剂混合使用,会加重镇静效果——比如在《白莲花度假村》里,波西饰演的那个角色经常就着红酒服用劳拉西泮。
据美国成瘾中心介绍,对于经常服用苯二氮䓬类药物的人来说,当他们试图逐渐停用这种药物时,往往会出现盗汗、头痛和心悸等戒断症状。
该中心表示:“每种苯二氮䓬类药物都有特定的半衰期,它会影响药物从血液中代谢的时间。如果一个人对苯二氮䓬类药物产生了依赖,一旦药物在体内代谢完毕,他就会产生戒断反应。”
如果也因服用苯二氮䓬类药物而出现了戒断症状或不良反应,你应该及时就医或咨询专家。因为专家还有其他治疗焦虑和睡眠障碍的方法。加州普罗维登斯圣约翰健康中心的老年精神病医生大卫・梅里尔介绍道:“一线的抗焦虑药物,通常是像SSRIs这样的抗抑郁药物,再加上心理治疗。”(财富中文网)
译者:朴成奎
If you’ve been HBO’s new season of White Lotus, then you’ve seen Parker Posey’s character Victoria Ratliff popping a steady stream of Lorazepam while on a family vacation at a Thailand wellness resort, at one point comically declaring, “Someone stole my Lorazepam. I’m going to have to drink myself to sleep.”
The drug, also known under the brand name Ativan, is part of a class called benzodiazepines, which also includes Xanax and Klonopin. Only available through prescription, they are used to help relieve anxiety and muscle spasms, and reduce seizures, according to the DEA. However, as seen in the show, they can lead to dependence and overuse.
“We definitely see that a lot in real life as well,” Dr. Ian Neel, a geriatrician at UC San Diego Health, tells the New York Times about the class of drugs.
Of the over 30 million adults who reported using benzodiazepines in the last year, over 5 million misused them (described as “any way a doctor did not direct”), per 2019 data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
While some people may have taken a one-time Xanax to calm flight anxiety, for example, long-term use is what poses the most danger as it can lead to dependence. People can become dependent even when taking the prescribed amount, Dr. Ludmila De Faria, chair of the American Psychiatric Association’s council on women’s mental health, told the New York Times.
Particularly important is the appeal of “benzos” to older adults: Those ages 50 to 64 are the biggest consumers of this class of drugs, according to the 2019 study, and need to use extra caution due to the drugs’ potential effects on slowing cognition.
The class of drugs slows down the nervous system and often takes an immediate effect. And while they are generally safe when taken as prescribed for a limited time, side effects include drowsiness, memory problems, and slurred speech. Overuse can cause worsened effects, including dependence, cognitive impairment, coma, and potential death, although rare.
Neel cautioned that older adults may metabolize drugs differently, and should be aware of the potential for negative interactions with other medications and drugs they might be taking. Combining benzodiazepines with other depressants like alcohol, for example, can exacerbate feelings of sedation, as seen on White Lotus, as Posey’s character usually pops Lorazepam with a glass of wine.
When regular users of benzodiazepines—often called benzos—try to wean off the drugs, it’s common to experience withdrawal symptoms, like sweating, headaches, and heart palpitations according to the American Addiction Centers.
“Each benzodiazepine medication has a specific half-life that influences the length of time it takes for the drug to leave the bloodstream,” according to the Center. “If an individual is dependent on a benzo, once the drug is purged from the body, withdrawal may begin.”
It’s important to talk to a medical doctor and a mental health professional if you think you’re experiencing any withdrawal symptoms or negative side effects from benzodiazepines because there are other ways to treat anxiety and sleep orders. “The first-line treatment [for anxiety] is typically antidepressants like SSRIs [antidepressants], plus psychotherapy,” Dr. David Merrill, a geriatric psychiatrist at Providence Saint John’s Health Center in Santa Monica, Calif. told Healthline.