
• 埃隆·马斯克表示,在特朗普最近宣布对进口汽车和汽车零部件加征关税之后,他的公司也无法幸免。美国官方数据显示,特斯拉(Tesla)占整车价值约20%至25%(按美元计算)的零部件要从墨西哥进口。
唐纳德·特朗普总统的高级顾问、特斯拉首席执行官埃隆·马斯克表示,特朗普对进口汽车及零部件征收25%的关税,将对他的公司产生影响,尽管冲击或许会有所减弱。
特斯拉在美国市场销售的车辆虽全部在本土生产,但每辆车占整车价值五分之一甚至高达四分之一的零部件来自墨西哥进口。
马斯克上周三发文称:“明确地说,这将影响特斯拉从其他国家进口的汽车零部件的价格。对成本的影响绝非无足轻重。”
当天稍早公布的关税政策,为汽车行业敲响了警钟,因为与其他任何行业相比,汽车业依赖全球供应链和自由贸易协定来维持可负担性,并竭力维系个位数的利润率。
每辆汽车包含数以千计的零部件,这些部件在整车最终落地的各个阶段穿梭于不同国家。这意味着类似特朗普此次出台的高额关税,足以在一夜之间抹杀某款车型的经济可行性。
已在美设厂的德国车企及其供应商称此举是“致命信号”,认为这将影响美国乃至全球的经济增长与繁荣。鲜为人知的是,美国汽车贸易顺差的最大贡献者实际上是宝马集团(BMW),其全球最大工厂不在德国,而是坐落于美国南卡罗来纳州。
康奈尔大学(Cornell University)交通运输业专家阿特·惠顿警告,鉴于美国半数整车及更多零部件依赖进口,特朗普的关税恐将造成严重后果。
他表示:“对进口汽车及零部件征收25%的关税将立即导致价格上涨,重创供应链。”他预估消费者将为此额外支付1万至2万美元。
“在美国本土很难采购甚至根本采购不到特定零部件”
马斯克宣称特斯拉将受重创的说法略显夸张。特斯拉确实会受到冲击,但相比其他美国车企,其受影响程度并不严重。
得益于1992年《美国汽车标签法》(American Automobile Labeling Act,AALA)的颁布,消费者购车时除价格、车型、车身风格等传统指标外,还可以参考车辆价值中源自美加地区的比例。
虽然该法案并未单独规定美国本土价值占比,却针对墨西哥进口零部件的价值占比发布了明确指引。
以福特野马(Ford Mustang)Mach-E为例,其仅13%的价值来自美国和加拿大,78%来自墨西哥,这款该电动跨界车也产自墨西哥。
尽管从技术层面上,这些车型属于“美国制造”,其内核却未必产自美国。
以凯迪拉克(Cadillac)CT5为例:该车虽在密歇根州兰辛市完成总装,但引擎盖下更多的却是“墨西哥血统”。《美国汽车标签法》的数据显示,其近半零部件来自南方邻国墨西哥。相比之下,制造商建议零售价中真正属于生产地美国的部分不超过15%。
透过《美国汽车标签法》,我们得以量化马斯克所言“绝非无足轻重”的具体含义。特斯拉迄今为止最畅销的车型Model Y长续航版,其价值的四分之一来自墨西哥。
特斯拉本月致美国贸易代表杰米森·格里尔的信函中写道:“即便积极推进供应链本土化,在美国本土很难采购甚至根本采购不到特定零部件。”值得注意的是,这封信函没有署名。
特斯拉方面未回应《财富》杂志的置评请求。(财富中文网)
译者:刘进龙
审校:汪皓
• 埃隆·马斯克表示,在特朗普最近宣布对进口汽车和汽车零部件加征关税之后,他的公司也无法幸免。美国官方数据显示,特斯拉(Tesla)占整车价值约20%至25%(按美元计算)的零部件要从墨西哥进口。
唐纳德·特朗普总统的高级顾问、特斯拉首席执行官埃隆·马斯克表示,特朗普对进口汽车及零部件征收25%的关税,将对他的公司产生影响,尽管冲击或许会有所减弱。
特斯拉在美国市场销售的车辆虽全部在本土生产,但每辆车占整车价值五分之一甚至高达四分之一的零部件来自墨西哥进口。
马斯克上周三发文称:“明确地说,这将影响特斯拉从其他国家进口的汽车零部件的价格。对成本的影响绝非无足轻重。”
当天稍早公布的关税政策,为汽车行业敲响了警钟,因为与其他任何行业相比,汽车业依赖全球供应链和自由贸易协定来维持可负担性,并竭力维系个位数的利润率。
每辆汽车包含数以千计的零部件,这些部件在整车最终落地的各个阶段穿梭于不同国家。这意味着类似特朗普此次出台的高额关税,足以在一夜之间抹杀某款车型的经济可行性。
已在美设厂的德国车企及其供应商称此举是“致命信号”,认为这将影响美国乃至全球的经济增长与繁荣。鲜为人知的是,美国汽车贸易顺差的最大贡献者实际上是宝马集团(BMW),其全球最大工厂不在德国,而是坐落于美国南卡罗来纳州。
康奈尔大学(Cornell University)交通运输业专家阿特·惠顿警告,鉴于美国半数整车及更多零部件依赖进口,特朗普的关税恐将造成严重后果。
他表示:“对进口汽车及零部件征收25%的关税将立即导致价格上涨,重创供应链。”他预估消费者将为此额外支付1万至2万美元。
“在美国本土很难采购甚至根本采购不到特定零部件”
马斯克宣称特斯拉将受重创的说法略显夸张。特斯拉确实会受到冲击,但相比其他美国车企,其受影响程度并不严重。
得益于1992年《美国汽车标签法》(American Automobile Labeling Act,AALA)的颁布,消费者购车时除价格、车型、车身风格等传统指标外,还可以参考车辆价值中源自美加地区的比例。
虽然该法案并未单独规定美国本土价值占比,却针对墨西哥进口零部件的价值占比发布了明确指引。
以福特野马(Ford Mustang)Mach-E为例,其仅13%的价值来自美国和加拿大,78%来自墨西哥,这款该电动跨界车也产自墨西哥。
尽管从技术层面上,这些车型属于“美国制造”,其内核却未必产自美国。
以凯迪拉克(Cadillac)CT5为例:该车虽在密歇根州兰辛市完成总装,但引擎盖下更多的却是“墨西哥血统”。《美国汽车标签法》的数据显示,其近半零部件来自南方邻国墨西哥。相比之下,制造商建议零售价中真正属于生产地美国的部分不超过15%。
透过《美国汽车标签法》,我们得以量化马斯克所言“绝非无足轻重”的具体含义。特斯拉迄今为止最畅销的车型Model Y长续航版,其价值的四分之一来自墨西哥。
特斯拉本月致美国贸易代表杰米森·格里尔的信函中写道:“即便积极推进供应链本土化,在美国本土很难采购甚至根本采购不到特定零部件。”值得注意的是,这封信函没有署名。
特斯拉方面未回应《财富》杂志的置评请求。(财富中文网)
译者:刘进龙
审校:汪皓
• Elon Musk says his company is not immune to Trump’s newly announced tariffs on imported cars and car parts. Anywhere from 20% to 25% of a Tesla’s value in dollar terms originates from components sourced in Mexico, according to official U.S. data.
President Trump’s senior advisor, Tesla CEO Elon Musk, said his company would not be spared from the new 25% tariff on imported cars and auto parts, even if the blow would be blunted.
Tesla manufactures all of its cars sold in the U.S. domestically, but it does import at least a fifth of the value of its vehicles from Mexico, and in many cases, as much as a fourth.
“To be clear, this will affect the price of parts in Tesla cars that come from other countries. The cost impact is not trivial,” Musk posted on Wednesday.
The tariffs announced earlier that day have triggered alarm bells in an industry that unlike any other relies on global supply chains and free trade agreements to maintain affordability and eke out a profit margin in the single digits.
Each car contains thousands of individual components that go back and forth across borders at various stages of a vehicle’s final completion, meaning steep-enough tariffs like the one Trump just imposed can wipe out the economic viability of a certain vehicle overnight.
German carmakers and their suppliers, many of whom manufacture in the United States already, called the tariff a “fatal signal” that would cost Americans growth and prosperity along with the rest of the world. Few, for example, know the biggest positive contributor to the U.S. automotive trade balance actually comes from BMW, whose largest plant worldwide is not in Germany, but in South Carolina.
Art Wheaton, an expert in transportation industries at Cornell University, warned Trump’s tariff could have grave effects given that the U.S. imports half of the vehicles it buys and even more in the form of components.
“The 25% tariff on autos and parts will create immediate price increases and wreak havoc on supply chains,” he said, estimating as much as $10,000 or even $20,000 in added costs to the consumer.
‘Certain parts and components are difficult or impossible to source within the United States’
Musk’s claims that Tesla will suffer are somewhat excessive. Yes, Tesla will take a hit, but it is marginal—even compared with other U.S. carmakers.
Thanks to the enactment of the American Automobile Labeling Act (AALA) in 1992, consumers can shop for cars using—among other more traditional criteria like price, segment, and body style—the share of the car’s value that originated in the U.S. and Canada.
While that doesn’t isolate a vehicle’s U.S.-only share, it does give clear guidance on how much comes from Mexico. (A list for various model years can be found here.)
For example, the Ford Mustang Mach-E derives only a combined 13% of its value from the U.S. and Canada, while 78% is considered to have come from Mexico, where the electric crossover is also manufactured.
But even those car models that technically speaking are U.S.-built may not really be red, white, and blue on the inside.
Take the Cadillac CT5: Its final assembly takes place in Lansing, Mich. Yet underneath the hood, it is arguably more Mexican than anything else. According to AALA data, just shy of half its content comes from south of the border. By comparison, no more than 15% of the manufacturer’s suggested retail price is actually American, even though that’s where it’s built.
Thanks to the AALA, we can see precisely what “not trivial” is in Musk’s book. The Model Y Long Range, Tesla’s most popular vehicle by far, is a quarter Mexican by value.
“Even with aggressive localization of the supply chain, certain parts and components are difficult or impossible to source within the United States,” Tesla said in a letter this month to U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer, which notably lacked a signature.
Tesla did not respond to Fortune’s request for comment.