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华尔街因特朗普关税提高衰退预期,美国股市或触底

Alena Botros
2025-04-02

Fundstrat公司联合创始人汤姆·李周一在接受采访时表示,市场可能已具备本周触底的“恰当条件”。

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Fundstrat公司的汤姆·李,拍摄于2017年。图片来源:Cindy Ord/Getty Images for Yahoo

• 无论是投资银行、分析师还是经济学家,金融界普遍认为,在唐纳德·特朗普总统所谓的“解放日”到来前,加征关税将带来负面冲击。

经济学家正在调高经济衰退概率,投资者对所谓“解放日”的加征关税忧心忡忡,但也有市场触底的说法浮现。4月2日,唐纳德·特朗普总统将兑现承诺,实施对等关税政策。

Fundstrat公司联合创始人汤姆·李周一在接受CNBC采访时表示,市场可能已具备本周触底的“恰当条件”。汤姆·李因近期准确预测股市走势而声名鹊起。他认为,若市场触底,将释放积极信号,即最惨烈的抛售阶段或已结束,为市场反弹扫清道路。

事实上,周一早盘美股虽一度下挫,但随后大幅收窄跌幅,道指甚至翻红。

李指出,当前投资者主要担忧4月2日加征关税的具体影响、是否会对经济造成冲击以及特朗普政府的其他政策走向。他补充道,市场已处于超卖状态,投资者正在降低风险敞口。

李表示:“对人们来说,这是一个漫长的等待,毕竟还有三天时间,而且人们担心这三天可能每天都会下跌2%。”

但他认为美国经济终将平稳过渡,并将当前形势与英国脱欧进行对比。虽然英国脱离欧盟初期引发震荡,股市最终迎来反弹。而目前美国经济存在扭曲现象。消费者在关税生效前抢购葡萄酒和汽车,这种超前消费不利于价格稳定。

与此同时,华尔街愈发担忧关税可能引发经济衰退。

上周日,穆迪(Moody’s)首席经济学家马克·扎蒂将今年美国陷入经济衰退的概率从之前预测的15%上调至40%。他指责特朗普关税政策引发的贸易战升级,以及埃隆·马斯克领导的政府效率部所开展的裁员,是导致通胀顽固及消费者信心下滑的罪魁祸首。

他在X上发文称,即将生效的对等关税只会让情况变得更糟糕。他写道:“只要关税与政府效率部削减开支的举措持续加码,经济衰退概率就会随之提高。”

他并非唯一一个持这种观点的人。高盛(Goldman Sachs)在上周日发布的研究报告中指出,美国GDP连续两个季度萎缩的概率为35%。该投行之前预测的衰退风险概率为20%。

该投行同样将此归咎于关税,因为关税对可支配收入和消费者支出产生类似税收的影响,而且往往会加剧市场波动。当企业面临额外税负时,通常会将成本转嫁给消费者,这正是关税被认为具有通胀效应的原因,也是为什么有智库直言关税是“让美国人生活水平下降的原因”。

摩根大通(JPMorgan)在3月28日的报告中表示,美国经济陷入衰退的概率为40%,因为在预估11%的实际关税税率下,经济将呈现低增长与高通胀并存的局面。该投行特别指出,所谓的“解放日”并不会为2025年的贸易战画上句号。

汽车关税尤其牵动分析师的神经。特朗普拟对进口汽车及零部件征收25%的关税。虽然理论上“美国制造”车辆不受影响,但一位分析师指出,完全在美国本土生产的汽车并不存在。

韦德布什(Wedbush)分析师丹·艾夫斯在周一早间发布的一份报告中警告称,汽车关税措施将是“汽车行业的灭顶之灾”。他估计美国消费者购买普通汽车的成本将增加5,000至10,000美元,全行业年增成本将逾千亿美元。艾夫斯写道:“所谓所有零部件在美国制造的美国汽车制造商纯属虚构,实现这个概念需要多年时间。”

美国银行(Bank of America)周一的报告呼应了这种担忧,直言不讳地声称“汽车关税有百害而无一利”,所谓“创造就业”的说法根本经不起严谨经济理论的考验。

房地产行业同样对关税忧心忡忡。继钢铝关税后,木材可能成为特朗普的下一个目标。这些都是建造房屋的原材料。建筑商估算,关税可能使每套住宅的成本增加9,000美元。考虑到当前房地产市场因可负担性恶化和“利率锁定效应”陷入疫情后的停滞期,许多购房者已无力承受再一次的成本上涨。(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

• 无论是投资银行、分析师还是经济学家,金融界普遍认为,在唐纳德·特朗普总统所谓的“解放日”到来前,加征关税将带来负面冲击。

经济学家正在调高经济衰退概率,投资者对所谓“解放日”的加征关税忧心忡忡,但也有市场触底的说法浮现。4月2日,唐纳德·特朗普总统将兑现承诺,实施对等关税政策。

Fundstrat公司联合创始人汤姆·李周一在接受CNBC采访时表示,市场可能已具备本周触底的“恰当条件”。汤姆·李因近期准确预测股市走势而声名鹊起。他认为,若市场触底,将释放积极信号,即最惨烈的抛售阶段或已结束,为市场反弹扫清道路。

事实上,周一早盘美股虽一度下挫,但随后大幅收窄跌幅,道指甚至翻红。

李指出,当前投资者主要担忧4月2日加征关税的具体影响、是否会对经济造成冲击以及特朗普政府的其他政策走向。他补充道,市场已处于超卖状态,投资者正在降低风险敞口。

李表示:“对人们来说,这是一个漫长的等待,毕竟还有三天时间,而且人们担心这三天可能每天都会下跌2%。”

但他认为美国经济终将平稳过渡,并将当前形势与英国脱欧进行对比。虽然英国脱离欧盟初期引发震荡,股市最终迎来反弹。而目前美国经济存在扭曲现象。消费者在关税生效前抢购葡萄酒和汽车,这种超前消费不利于价格稳定。

与此同时,华尔街愈发担忧关税可能引发经济衰退。

上周日,穆迪(Moody’s)首席经济学家马克·扎蒂将今年美国陷入经济衰退的概率从之前预测的15%上调至40%。他指责特朗普关税政策引发的贸易战升级,以及埃隆·马斯克领导的政府效率部所开展的裁员,是导致通胀顽固及消费者信心下滑的罪魁祸首。

他在X上发文称,即将生效的对等关税只会让情况变得更糟糕。他写道:“只要关税与政府效率部削减开支的举措持续加码,经济衰退概率就会随之提高。”

他并非唯一一个持这种观点的人。高盛(Goldman Sachs)在上周日发布的研究报告中指出,美国GDP连续两个季度萎缩的概率为35%。该投行之前预测的衰退风险概率为20%。

该投行同样将此归咎于关税,因为关税对可支配收入和消费者支出产生类似税收的影响,而且往往会加剧市场波动。当企业面临额外税负时,通常会将成本转嫁给消费者,这正是关税被认为具有通胀效应的原因,也是为什么有智库直言关税是“让美国人生活水平下降的原因”。

摩根大通(JPMorgan)在3月28日的报告中表示,美国经济陷入衰退的概率为40%,因为在预估11%的实际关税税率下,经济将呈现低增长与高通胀并存的局面。该投行特别指出,所谓的“解放日”并不会为2025年的贸易战画上句号。

汽车关税尤其牵动分析师的神经。特朗普拟对进口汽车及零部件征收25%的关税。虽然理论上“美国制造”车辆不受影响,但一位分析师指出,完全在美国本土生产的汽车并不存在。

韦德布什(Wedbush)分析师丹·艾夫斯在周一早间发布的一份报告中警告称,汽车关税措施将是“汽车行业的灭顶之灾”。他估计美国消费者购买普通汽车的成本将增加5,000至10,000美元,全行业年增成本将逾千亿美元。艾夫斯写道:“所谓所有零部件在美国制造的美国汽车制造商纯属虚构,实现这个概念需要多年时间。”

美国银行(Bank of America)周一的报告呼应了这种担忧,直言不讳地声称“汽车关税有百害而无一利”,所谓“创造就业”的说法根本经不起严谨经济理论的考验。

房地产行业同样对关税忧心忡忡。继钢铝关税后,木材可能成为特朗普的下一个目标。这些都是建造房屋的原材料。建筑商估算,关税可能使每套住宅的成本增加9,000美元。考虑到当前房地产市场因可负担性恶化和“利率锁定效应”陷入疫情后的停滞期,许多购房者已无力承受再一次的成本上涨。(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

• Whether it be investment banks, analysts, or economists, the finance world mostly agrees that tariffs are bad news ahead of what President Donald Trump has called “liberation day.”

Economists are raising their recession odds, and investors are worried about tariffs on so-called “liberation day,” but there’s talk of a market bottom. Welcome to the week of April 2: the day president Donald Trump will deliver on his promise to impose reciprocal dollar-for-dollar tariffs.

Fundstrat’s Tom Lee suggested on CNBC Monday that markets could have the “right pieces” for a bottom this week. The cofounder of Fundstrat has earned a reputation for his recent, correct stock-market forecasts, and his call for a bottom would be a bullish signal that the worst of the selloff may be over, clearing the way for a rebound.

In fact, after stocks initially sank early Monday, they pared losses sharply, and the Dow even turned positive.

For now, investors are worried about what tariffs will look like on April 2, whether they’ll hurt the economy, and other policies coming from the Trump administration, Lee said. Markets are oversold and investors are de-risking, he added.

“It’s an interminable wait for people because it is still three days, and they’re fearful we could have three days down 2%,” Lee said.

But he thinks the U.S. will come out of this okay, comparing the present situation to Brexit, when the United Kingdom withdrew from the European Union but eventually saw stocks rally. Still, there is distortion in the U.S. economy at the moment. People are buying wine and cars before tariffs, he said, and that isn’t great for prices.

Meanwhile, Wall Street increasingly suspects tariffs could send the economy into a downturn.

On Sunday, Moody’s chief economist Mark Zandi raised his recession odds. He now sees a 40% chance that a recession will occur this year; he previously suspected there was a 15% chance. Zandi blamed an intensifying trade war from Trump’s tariffs and layoffs from Elon Musk’s Department of Government Efficiency for stubborn inflation and sliding consumer sentiment.

The coming reciprocal tariffs will only worsen things, Zandi said on X. “As long as the tariffs and DOGE cuts continue to mount, so too will the odds of recession,” he wrote.

He isn’t the only one to see a greater chance of a recession. Goldman Sachs said there is a 35% chance that gross domestic product could contract for two straight quarters, in a research note released Sunday. Earlier, the investment bank only saw a 20% risk of a recession.

Tariffs are again to blame because of their tax-like effect on disposable income and consumer spending, plus their tendency to push markets around, the bank said. When businesses face an extra tax, they tend to pass that cost onto consumers, which is why tariffs are considered inflationary—and why one think tank believes they are “a recipe for making Americans worse off.”

JPMorgan said there’s a 40% probability that the economy falls into a recession this year because it sees lower growth and higher inflation on the back of an estimated 11% effective tariff rate, the bank said in a note dated March 28. Not to mention, the bank does not believe “liberation day” will close the 2025 trade war chapter.

Auto tariffs, specifically, are on analysts’ minds. Trump set a 25% tariff on foreign-made cars and parts. The levies won’t hurt cars made in America, but according to one analyst there is no such thing as a car completely made in the U.S.

So the car tariff would be “a back breaker and Armageddon for the auto industry,” Wedbush analyst Dan Ives wrote in a note published Monday morning. He estimated the typical car would be $5,000 to $10,000 more costly for an American consumer since the auto industry would incur $100 billion more in costs each year. “The concept of a U.S. car maker with parts all from the U.S. is a fictional tale that does not exist and [it] would take years to make this concept a reality,” Ives wrote.

In a note published Monday, Bank of America echoed Ives and many others, bluntly claiming “auto tariffs are bad,” and that the idea that they’ll create more jobs doesn’t pass the test of “sound economic theory.”

The housing world is concerned about tariffs too. Trump placed a tariff on steel and aluminum, and lumber could be next. All are used in the construction of homes. Builders estimate that levies could add an extra $9,000 to the price tag on every home. Considering housing is at a post-pandemic standstill because of deteriorated affordability and the lock-in effect, many people couldn’t bear even one more increase in cost.

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